5 Key Types of Cyber Security Threats and How to Stay on Top of Them

The year 2020 has spurred the transition to remote work; 88% of companies globally have transitioned to working from home. And while offices are equipped with well-protected routers and firewalls, remote work has made it easier for cybercriminals to attack more vulnerable employees’ devices and networks.

In 2021, 35% of enterprises reported an increase in cyber attacks. Hence, more businesses started looking for ways to build up their cyber defence, often partnering with experienced providers of cyber security services.

The cyber security threat involves malign actions with the intention of gaining access to or stealing sensitive data and damaging or disrupting the network of another individual or organisation. A cyber attack can be launched by different malicious actors, including an individual hacker, a terrorist group or even a trusted individual like an employee or contractor. In this article, we look at the most common types of cyber security threats and share some expert advice on protecting your organisation against them.

5 types of cyber security threats to watch out for in 2021 and beyond

Cyber threats are changing and evolving from day to day. However, to prevent cyber attacks, companies should be aware of the most common threats and strengthen their security against possible breaches.

1. Social engineering

Social engineering is the process of manipulating a person into disclosing confidential information or installing malware on their device. According to ISACA, social engineering is indicated as one of the most common cyber threats. What is worse, this threat comes in all shapes and sizes. Here is a rundown of its most common forms.

Phishing is when hackers pretend to be a trusted person or company by using their proper logos and names. The hackers send an email to an individual or group of individuals asking them to perform a certain action, such as verifying their mailing address or providing their credit card number, login credentials or other valuable personal information.

Phishing can further be divided into subcategories. For instance, spear phishing is an attack targeted at a specific person. Malicious actors gather information about a person that is available online and tailor email correspondence accordingly to sound more convincing. Another category of phishing is whaling. This involves the hackers target a company’s CEO or CFO. Here are some other examples:

• Vishing or voice phishing is using phones to record and gain access to sensitive data.
• Smishing or SMS phishing involves accessing text messages.
• URL phishing is when an attacker includes a malicious URL.

Baiting involves hackers tricking victims into taking a particular action by offering them something desirable or playing with their curiosity, for example, by offering the possibility of downloading a free movie. Attackers might also use a USB flash drive, for instance, by handing it to their target at a conference or leaving it where it will be found by their target in a cafe. And while a victim may think it is just a free storage device, the hacker has loaded it with malware that can damage the victim’s software.

Quid pro quo is very similar to baiting. But instead of offering a product, cyber criminals provide a service. For instance, they contact their victim and offer to fix a bug in their system. However, to access the support on offer, the victim will need to share their credentials.

Scareware attacks involve hackers scaring their victim into doing something. This type of attack usually requires the victim to act quickly. For example, a person might receive an email claiming that someone has hacked their account, and that they need to act now and change their credentials to secure the account. By responding to the hackers’ claims and changing their credentials, the victim gives them to the attackers.

Piggybacking and tailgating are two very similar types of attack. Piggybacking is when a criminal tags along with an authorised person to gain access to a restricted area. This type of attack can be electronic or physical. Tailgating involves a criminal accessing a restricted area by closely following an authorised person. In both cases, malicious actors can get access sensitive information and use a device to steal data or breach a system.

2. Malware

Malware is malicious software or code that uses a vulnerability to breach an organisation’s network. Cybercriminals can enter malicious code into a company’s software to compromise its security systems, deny access to critical information or critical assets, and gain access to sensitive data. There are several variations of malware. Let’s go through the most common types.

1. Ransomware attacks involve blocking a user’s data and threatening to publish or delete it unless a ransom payment is made.
2. Viruses infect a company’s computer systems and spread around the whole network. Malicious actors can use viruses to make a profit, send a political message or sabotage a company.
3. Trojans are malicious programs that are inserted into a useful program. They are typically used to create a “backdoor” for cybercriminals to access a company’s systems.
4. Spyware collects information about an individual. This sensitive data can then be used to blackmail the person or install other malicious programs onto their device.

3. Man in the middle

A man in the middle (MITM) attack involves a hacker intercepting a conversation or transaction between two parties. For instance, when an individual connects to a public Wi-Fi network, a criminal who is aware of a vulnerability in the system can interrupt the traffic and receive the information being shared between the parties.

4. Denial of service attack

This involves an attacker disrupting a network’s normal traffic by overloading it, meaning it cannot respond. The denial of service (DoS) can be used to demand a ransom or disrupt operations. When an attack simultaneously targets multiple devices or systems, it is called a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack.

A domain name system (DNS) attack is a type of DDoS attack where cybercriminals take advantage of vulnerabilities in DNS servers. Thus, when users enter what they believe to be a trusted address, the DNS server is compromised, and the users are redirected to malicious sites.

5. Cloud breach

With many organisations transitioning to cloud-based systems, an increasing number of hackers are targeting cloud security. Cyber criminals exploit weaknesses in cloud deployment and security misconfigurations to access and steal the assets and sensitive data of companies.